Lingvanex Translation Quality Report

The goal of this report is to showcase the translation quality of Lingvanex language models according to two most popular machine translation evaluation metrics.

Flores is an open-source and publicly available data test set that was released by Facebook Research and has the biggest language pair coverage.

Quality metrics description

BLEU

BLEU is an automatic metric based on n-grams. It measures the precision of n-grams of the machine translation output compared to the reference, weighted by a brevity penalty to punish overly short translations. We use a particular implementation of BLEU, called sacreBLEU. It outputs corpus scores, not segment scores.

References

  • Papineni, Kishore, S. Roukos, T. Ward and Wei-Jing Zhu. “Bleu: a Method for Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation.” ACL (2002).
  • Post, Matt. “A Call for Clarity in Reporting BLEU Scores.” WMT (2018).

COMET

COMET (Crosslingual Optimized Metric for Evaluation of Translation) is a metric for automatic evaluation of machine translation that calculates the similarity between a machine translation output and a reference translation using token or sentence embeddings. Unlike other metrics, COMET is trained on predicting different types of human judgments in the form of post-editing effort, direct assessment, or translation error analysis.

References

Language pairs

Note: The lower size of models on the hard drive means the lower consumption of GPU memory which leads to decreased deployment costs. Lower model size has better performance in translation time. The approximate usage of GPU memory is calculated as hard drive model size x 1.2

Language PairModel's
Size, mb
Test
Data
BLEU
Metric
COMET
Metric
Afrikaans - English113,91Flores52,3386,43
English - Afrikaans113,91Flores42,5286,92
Albanian - English113,91Lingvanex56,4387,83
English - Albanian113,91Lingvanex57,0489,03
Amharic - English113,91Flores30,4283,78
English - Amharic113,91Flores14,1387,4
Arabic - English184,11Flores45,7987,95
English - Arabic190,63Flores33,4588,28
Armenian - English113,91Flores37,4786,93
English - Armenian113,91Flores22,0989,32
Armenian - Russian190,63Flores20,9785,06
Russian - Armenian190,63Flores15,7187,00
Azerbaijani - English113,91Flores23,7685,88
English - Azerbaijani113,91Flores17,7984,93
Azerbaijani - Russian190,63Flores16,9585,23
Russian - Azerbaijani190,63Flores13,1083,64
Basque - English113,91Flores32,3486,40
English - Basque113,91Flores21,6986,99
Belarusian - English113,91Flores19,7780,89
English - Belarusian113,91Flores15,5485,16
Bengali - English113,91Flores33,9387,86
English - Bengali239,56Flores23,4186,92
Bosnian - English113,91Flores41,6287,65
English - Bosnian113,91Flores35,5790,61
Bulgarian - English184,00Flores44,9788,28
English - Bulgarian184,00Flores45,9091,22
Catalan - English113,91Flores47,5488,55
English - Catalan113,91Flores45,6287,67
Cebuano - English113,91Flores41,1779,24
English - Cebuano113,91Flores35,4671,80
Chichewa - English113,91Flores22,8669,22
English - Chichewa113,91Flores17,4464,71
Chinese (Simplified) - English184,11Flores29,9186,27
English - Chinese (Simplified)184,11Flores42,2987,70
Chinese (Traditional) - English190,63Flores30,2886,51
English - Chinese (Traditional)190,63Flores36,0688,67
Corsican - English113,91Lingvanex59,9083,86
English - Corsican113,91Lingvanex54,2176,34
Croatian - English184,00Flores 10139,8088,08
English - Croatian184,00Flores34,9591,09
Czech - English184,00Flores41,8388,33
English - Czech184,00Flores36,5390,98
Danish - English184,00Flores51,2190,25
English - Danish184,02Flores49,8891,27
Dutch - English184,00Flores34,0487,20
English - Dutch184,00Flores29,7188,10
Esperanto - English113,91Flores41,6087,49
English - Esperanto113,91Flores32,0288,92
Estonian - English113,91Flores41,0789,33
English - Estonian113,91Flores31,4891,64
Filipino - English113,91Flores47,4186,85
English - Filipino113,91Flores37,7584,61
Finnish - English184,00Flores36,8789,76
English - Finnish184,00Flores27,0690,96
French - English190,65Flores48,8289,46
English - French190,65Flores53,2588,40
Frisian - English113,91Lingvanex65,0684,99
English - Frisian113,91Lingvanex54,8281,09
Gaelic-English113,91Flores29,6076,02
English-Gaelic113,91Flores24,7280,92
Galician - English113,91Flores40,5887,52
English - Galician113,91Flores37,7187,03
Georgian - Russian190,63Flores18,6085,80
Russian - Georgian190,63Flores13,8585,77
Georgian - English113,91Flores22,0989,32
English - Georgian113,91Flores16,5687,13
German - English190,65Flores46,7689,34
English - German184,02Flores43,0988,15
Greek - English184,00Flores36,1987,38
English - Greek184,00Flores29,5489,02
Gujarati-English113,91Flores142,0989,68
English - Gujarati113,91Flores28,0088,61
Haitian Creole - English113,91Flores30,0872,24
English - Haitian Creole113,91Flores28,2767,41
Hausa - English113,91Flores33,6478,80
English - Hausa113,91Flores28,7080,76
Hawaiian - English113,91Lingvanex45,1271,92
English - Hawaiian113,91Lingvanex64,2778,56
Hebrew - English184,11Flores46,3188,32
English - Hebrew184,11Flores36,0088,53
Hindi - English113,91Flores38,1888,29
English - Hindi113,91Flores67,6281,99
English - Hmong113,91Lingvanex60,9977,35
Hmong - English184,00Lingvanex45,8775,22
Hungarian - English184,00Flores38,7488,37
English - Hungarian184,00Flores31,4089,97
Icelandic - English113,91Flores37,2785,92
English - Icelandic113,91Flores31,9086,34
Igbo - English113,91Flores26,6068,85
English - Igbo113,91Flores19,0171,94
Indonesian - English184,02Flores46,6589,60
English - Indonesian184,02Flores50,7791,90
Italian - English184,00Flores34,7487,89
English - Italian184,00Flores32,5788,19
Irish - English113,91Flores44,1585,29
English - Irish113,91Flores38,8681,81
Japanese - English190,63Flores31,0588,08
English - Japanese190,63Flores39,6291,56
Javanese - English113,91Flores30,2976,20
English - Javanese113,91Flores28,7986,59
Kannada - English113,91Flores36,0187,38
English - Kannada113,91Flores65,8386,33
Kazakh - English113,91Flores36,2587,61
English - Kazakh113,91Flores26,4890,35
Kazakh - Russian190,63Flores22,7988,12
Russian - Kazakh190,63Flores19,1889,57
Khmer - English113,91Flores33,1985,77
English - Khmer113,91Flores4,7782,37
Kinyarwanda - English113,91Flores32,9873,73
English - Kinyarwanda113,91Flores25,8466,67
Korean - English113,91Flores32,8588,09
English - Korean113,91Flores33,6689,67
Kurdish - English113,91Flores28,8179,90
English - Kurdish113,91Flores12,8580,84
Kyrgyz - English113,91Flores24,2984,79
English - Kyrgyz113,91Flores16,6588,14
Kyrgyz - Russian190,63Flores16,3886,32
Russian - Kyrgyz190,63Flores13,4387,62
Lao - English113,91Flores31,4584,11
English - Lao113,91Flores59,5483,24
Latin - English113,91Lingvanex24,2474,81
English - Latin113,91Lingvanex14,8377,64
Latvian - English113,91Flores38,9587,67
English - Latvian113,91Flores37,8890,49
Lithuanian - English113,91Flores34,9686,24
English - Lithuanian113,91Flores31,2890,11
Luxembourgish - English113,91Flores45,5680,29
English - Luxembourgish113,91Flores27,2857,29
Macedonian - English113,91Flores44,3387,43
English - Macedonian113,91Flores38,1989,28
Malagasy - English113,91Lingvanex38,6083,10
English - Malagasy113,91Lingvanex41,7485,25
Malay - English184,11Flores46,0988,84
English - Malay184,11Flores44,6389,77
Malayalam - English113,91Flores39,2688,28
English - Malayalam113,91Flores23,1988,92
Maltese - English113,91Flores53,1181,83
English - Maltese113,91Flores47,5779,52
Maori - English113,91Flores29,1369,87
English - Maori113,91Flores17,4461,51
Marathi - English113,91Flores37,9487,49
English - Marathi113,91Flores21,4275,73
Mongolian- English113,91Flores31,4085,43
English - Mongolian113,91Flores20,0789,00
Myanmar - English113,91Flores23,1382,43
English - Myanmar113,91Flores55,7287,25
Nepali - English113,91Flores41,6789,94
English - Nepali113,91Flores64,9283,27
Norwegian - English184,00Flores44,2088,78
English - Norwegian184,02Flores35,8590,25
Odia - English113,91Flores32,3486,77
English - Odia113,91Flores21,0981,84
Persian - English184,02Flores39,0487,71
English - Persian184,11Flores27,2487,82
Polish - English184,00Flores30,9485,72
English - Polish184,00Flores24,2489,21
Portuguese (Brazil) - English184,02Flores51,4289,66
English - Portuguese (Brazil)184,02Flores51,6789,40
Portuguese - English184,02Flores50,9389,27
English - Portuguese184,02Flores51,3889,71
Punjabi - English113,91Flores38,1587,74
English - Punjabi113,91Flores28,9184,28
Pushto - English113,91Flores27,0579,68
English - Pushto113,91Flores15,0477,94
Romanian - English184,00Flores45,2289,30
English - Romanian179,58Flores43,6890,29
Russian - English190,65Flores37,8686,63
English - Russian190,65Flores34,6489,37
Russian - Belarusian190,63Lingvanex57,3595,38
Samoan - English113,91Flores27,8168,62
English - Samoan113,91Flores30,0767,20
Serbian - English184,00Flores43,0686,68
English - Serbian184,00Flores36,8788,49
Sesotho - English113,91Flores32,9172,64
English - Sesotho113,91Flores20,3666,18
Shona - English113,91Flores23,0570,04
English - Shona113,91Flores13,7462,88
Sindhi - English113,91Flores31,0979,66
English - Sindhi113,91Flores25,9080,37
Sinhala - English113,91Flores36,7387,92
English - Sinhala113,91Flores21,4287,65
Slovak - English184,11Flores42,3288,33
English - Slovak184,11Flores40,0891,01
Slovenian - English113,91Flores38,2587,76
English - Slovenian113,91Flores35,3990,20
Somali - English113,91Flores29,8977,25
English - Somali113,91Flores14,5680,85
Spanish - English184,02Flores31,4886,92
English - Spanish184,02Flores30,1786,72
Sundanese - English113,91Flores34,0281,42
English - Sundanese113,91Flores20,2379,65
Swahili - English113,91Flores44,9584,91
English - Swahili113,91Flores41,1485,40
Swedish - English184,00Flores51,8990,13
English - Swedish184,00Flores49,3991,24
Tajik - English113,91Flores33,7477,46
English - Tajik113,91Flores24,9776,28
Tajik - Russian190,63Flores23,1579,69
Russian - Tajik190,63Flores19,3875,59
Tamil - English113,91Flores35,1786,48
English - Tamil113,91Flores23,1289,55
Tatar - English113,91Flores30,3779,43
English - Tatar113,91Flores19,0169,26
Telugu-English113,91Flores42,0287,74
English-Telugu113,91Flores28,3087,60
Thai - English184,02Flores31,6387,71
English - Thai113,91Flores63,6888,57
Turkish - English184,00Flores41,8589,63
English - Turkish184,00Flores35,3390,82
Turkmen - English113,91Flores37,1080,90
English - Turkmen113,91Flores22,9167,00
Ukrainian - English184,00Flores41,5486,98
English - Ukrainian184,00Flores34,3089,88
Ukrainian - Russian190,63Flores28,0791,66
Russian - Ukrainian190,63Flores25,6292,16
Urdu - English113,91Flores31,0984,46
English - Urdu113,91Flores24,8081,71
Uyghur - English113,91Flores28,1786,26
English - Uyghur113,91Flores22,6686,21
Uzbek - English113,91Flores37,4287,64
English - Uzbek113,91Flores23,0490,32
Uzbek - Russian190,63Flores22,1185,40
Russian - Uzbek190,63Flores16,8687,37
Vietnamese - English184,00Flores38,6587,53
English - Vietnamese184,11Flores46,2889,16
Welsh - English113,91Flores61,3689,32
English - Welsh113,91Flores57,5588,83
Xhosa - English113,91Flores36,6578,10
English - Xhosa113,91Flores18,9077,05
Yiddish - English113,91Flores41,8976,88
English - Yiddish113,91Flores10,8867,67
Yoruba - English113,91Flores17,5461,56
English - Yoruba113,91Flores3,5755,39
Zulu - English113,91Flores36,8378,00
English - Zulu113,91Flores21,0678,12

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